The IL-1 family is a group of cytokines comprised of 11 membranes, including recently renamed IL-36 cytokines, IL-36α, β and γ (previously known as IL-1F6, IL-1F8 and IL-1F9). IL-36γ signals through the IL-1 receptor family members IL-1Rrp2 and IL-1RAcP and can activate downstream MAP kinases and transfection factor NF-kB. IL-36γ is synthesized without signal peptide and the secretion pathway is unclear. It has been shown that, like other IL-36 cytokines, N-terminal processing of IL-36γ can significantly increase its biological activity. The possible processing enzymes are currently unknown. IL-36γ also plays a significant role in immune response. Low level of IL-36 receptor IL-1Rrp can be detected on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells. IL-36γ treatment can upgulate CD80, CD86 and MHC Class II, and proinflammatory cytokine producton in dendritic cells. IL-36γ has also been implicated in airway hyperesponsiveness. Intranasal administration of recombinant IL-36γ in mice leads to epithelial cell hypertrophy, cellular infiltration, and mucus production. IL-36γ expression in the lungs of mice can be upregulated by allergic inflammation.