The IL-1 family is a group of cytokines comprised of 11 members, including the recently renamed IL-36 cytokines, IL-36α, β and γ (previously known as IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9). IL-36γ signals through the IL-1 receptor family members IL-1Rrp2 and co-recptor IL-1RAcP which in turn can activate downstream MAP kinases and NF-kB signaling pathway. The activity is antagonized by IL-36Ra/ IL-1F5. IL-36γ is synthesized without signal peptide and the secretion pathway is unclear. Though IL-36γ do not contain caspase-1 cleavage site, It has been shown that, the N-terminal truncated form of IL-36γ can significantly increase its biological activity. The possible processing enzymes are currently unknown. IL-36γ plays a significant role in immune response. Low level of IL-36 receptor IL-1Rrp can be detected on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells. IL-36γ treatment can upgulate CD80, CD86 and MHC Class II, and proinflammatory cytokine producton in dendritic cells. IL-36γ has also been implicated in airway hyperesponsiveness. Intranasal administration of recombinant IL-36γ in mice leads to epithelial cell hypertrophy, cellular infiltration, and mucus production. IL-36γ expression in the lungs of mice can be upregulated by allergic inflammation. In the skin, IL-36γ is primarily expressed by keratinocytes and its expression can be upregulated by TNF-α, IFN-γ, toll-like receptor ligands, and some pathological conditions. IL-36γ is highly induced in psoriasis plaques and can be used as a biomarker.
Size
100 μg
Concentration
n/a
Applications
BA
Other Names
Interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36γ), IL-1 related protein 2 (IL-1RP2), Interleukin 1 family member 9 (IL-1F9), IL-1 epsilon (IL-1ε), IL-1H1.