A bicyclic monoterpene with diverse biological activities; a positive allosteric modulator of α1β2γ2L subunit-containing GABAA receptors (EC50 = 248 μM for human recombinant receptors); dose-dependently increases the paw withdrawal threshold following segmental spinal nerve ligation surgery or intraplantar injection of CFA in mouse paw; inhibits increases in ROS levels and cytotoxicity at 100 μM in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells incubated with Aβ42; inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro, including E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, and S. typhimurium (MICs = 125-250 μg/mL)