A GAPDH ligand; binds to purified recombinant rabbit muscle GAPDH using affinity purification; increases survival of trophically withdrawn PC12 cells, dose-dependently decreases cytosine arabinoside-induced apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells, and increases the number of TH+ mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in vitro; increases the number of TH+ dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease; reduces delayed acquisition in the Morris maze in a 6-OHDA-treated rat model of Parkinson's disease; increases survival in pmn mice