Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. BMPs play a key role in embryonic development, especially during heart, neural, and cartilage development. Around 20 BMP family members have been identified and characterized. BMPs signal through serine/threonine kinase receptors, composed of type I and II subtypes. Four type I receptors have been identified: type IA and IB BMP receptors, type IA activin receptors, and activin receptor-like kinase I. Three type II receptors have also been recognized: type II BMP receptors and type II and IIB activin receptors. BMP-13 was initially identified as a component of bovine cartilage. De-novo implantation of BMP-13 induces neo-tendon/ligament formation in rats in connective tissue healing experiments. Mutation in the GDF6 gene, encoded by BMP-13, is associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), characterised by congenital fusion of the cervical spine vertebrae, and caused defects in joint, ligament, and cartilage formation in a transgenic mouse model. Bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MSCs) are capable of differentiating into multiple cell types including osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Using BM MSCs it was identified that BMP-13 inhibits osteogenic differentiation, and therefore deceleration of calcium mineralization and reduction in alkaline phosphatase induction.
Size
50 μg
Concentration
n/a
Applications
BA
Other Names
Bone morphogenetic protein 13 (BMP-13), Growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6), Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 (CDMP-2), BMP13, CDMP2