A limonoid triterpenoid; reduces HIV-1 replication in infected PBMCs (EC50 = 52.2 μM); dose-dependently reduces HUVEC proliferation, invasion, tube formation, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity at 5-25 μg/ml; increases GST activity in small intestinal mucosa, liver, and forestomach homogenates of mice by 4.17-, 3.44-, and 1.16-fold, respectively, at 10 mg; increases TGR5-dependent luciferase activity 5.5-fold in HEK293 cells at 100 μM; completely prevents weight gain and reduces serum glucose and insulin levels by 30 and 89.8%, respectively, in mice fed a high-fat diet at 0.2%; increases the white blood cell count and the specific antibody titer in blood by approximately 10-fold in mice in response to sheep red blood cells at 10 μmol/kg ,